home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
TIME: Almanac 1993
/
TIME Almanac 1993.iso
/
time
/
061791
/
0617001.000
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1992-08-28
|
3KB
|
66 lines
WORLD, Page 36Cuba: Moscow's Cheap Date
In a speech to NATO ministers in Copenhagen last week,
Secretary of State James Baker asked why the Soviets, if they
are so hard pressed, keep sending billions of dollars in aid to
Cuba. The answer is that Moscow's aid is not what it used to be.
In decades past, the Soviet Union provided Cuba with 90% of its
oil at rates well below the world price and threw in extra
supplies for the Cubans to resell for hard currency. Moscow also
bought Cuban sugar at three to five times the world levels and
supplied military hardware free. The total package used to be
worth at least $5 billion a year.
Those days are gone with perestroika. Like its trade with
the former Comecon countries of Eastern Europe, Moscow's deals
with Havana are now on a hard-currency basis at prevailing
world prices. Under a 1991 agreement worth $3.8 billion, the
Soviet Union is to deliver 70 million bbl. of oil to Cuba and,
in exchange, receive 4 million tons of sugar, plus citrus fruit,
nickel and medical supplies.
Though the bookkeeping is in dollars, the deal is still
mainly barter, and prices are adjusted by exchanging different
quantities. For example, the Soviets now pay 18 instead of 27
bbl. of oil for a ton of Cuban sugar. Moscow still delivers
military and industrial equipment free, but no one is quite sure
what it is worth. Western intelligence agencies price it at
about $1 billion a year, but as Cuba's Deputy Foreign Minister,
Jose Raul Viera, once described it, the equipment is "junk no
one buys."
Anatoly Bekarevich, vice president of the Latin America
Institute in Moscow, says it is "a great fantasy" to think aid
to Cuba has much effect on the Soviet economy. "What we give
Cuba is a drop in the sea," he says. It is also apparently
beyond the Soviet Union's present capabilities. Last year Moscow
promised to deliver 100 million bbl. of oil but managed only 70
million. For 1991 the Soviets are to match the 70 million, but
Cuban trade experts doubt it will happen. "We can no longer
count on them," says a senior official in Havana.
After dismantling most of the Soviet empire around the
world, Gorbachev is reluctant to offer ammunition to his
hard-line opponents at home by cutting ties to Cuba. With its
listening post in Lourdes, the island continues to offer some
strategic value to Moscow, though satellites and the end of the
East-West cold war have diminished its importance.
Anticipating that Soviet largesse will eventually dry up
altogether, the Cubans have begun to look elsewhere for help.
Thanks to a law on joint ventures, West Europeans are pouring
millions of dollars into the Cuban tourist industry, building
luxury oceanside hotels. The Soviets now tell the U.S. that the
sooner it lifts its trade embargo against Cuba, the sooner pere
stroika and demokratizatsiya will arrive on the island.